Tityus stigmurus: A Comprehensive Care Guide to Keeping the Brazilian Yellow Scorpion
The Tityus stigmurus, commonly known as the Brazilian Yellow Scorpion, is a small, vibrant, and medically significant scorpion species becoming increasingly popular in the exotic pet trade. Known for its characteristic yellow legs and tail contrasting against its dark body, this scorpion offers a fascinating glimpse into the world of arachnids. However, due to its potent venom, responsible ownership and careful handling are paramount. This guide provides comprehensive information on caring for Tityus stigmurus, ensuring the health and safety of both the scorpion and its keeper.
Understanding Tityus stigmurus
Before acquiring a Tityus stigmurus, it's crucial to understand its needs and potential risks:
Venom Potency: This scorpion possesses a neurotoxic venom that can cause significant pain and systemic symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and even potentially life-threatening complications, especially in children and individuals with pre-existing health conditions. Seek immediate medical attention if stung.
Aggressive Nature: Tityus stigmurus are known to be relatively defensive and readily sting if disturbed.
Parthenogenesis: Females can reproduce asexually through parthenogenesis, meaning a single female can establish a population without a male. This can lead to unexpected offspring in captivity.
Habitat Setup
Mimicking their natural environment is key to a thriving Tityus stigmurus. Here's a breakdown of the ideal setup:
Enclosure: A 5-gallon glass or plastic enclosure is suitable for one or two adults. Secure the lid tightly with clips or locks to prevent escape.
Substrate: A mixture of coco fiber, peat moss, and sand provides adequate humidity and burrowing opportunities. Aim for a substrate depth of 2-3 inches.
Hides: Provide several hides, such as cork bark, flat stones, or ceramic hides. These offer security and reduce stress. Multiple hides are crucial, especially if housing more than one scorpion.
Temperature: Maintain a temperature gradient within the enclosure. A daytime temperature of 80-85°F (27-29°C) can be achieved using a heat mat placed on one side of the enclosure, covering approximately one-third of the bottom surface. Nighttime temperatures can drop to 70-75°F (21-24°C).
Humidity: Maintain a humidity level of 60-70%. This can be achieved by misting the enclosure regularly, ensuring the substrate remains slightly damp but not waterlogged.
Lighting: Tityus stigmurus do not require special lighting. Avoid direct sunlight, as it can overheat the enclosure.
Feeding
Tityus stigmurus are insectivores and readily accept a variety of live prey.
Diet: Offer appropriately sized crickets, mealworms, or roaches. The prey item should be no larger than the scorpion's body.
Feeding Frequency: Feed juveniles 2-3 times per week, and adults once or twice a week.
Gut Loading: "Gut load" the feeder insects by feeding them nutritious food before offering them to your scorpion. This enhances the nutritional value of the prey.
Remove Unconsumed Prey: Remove any uneaten prey items after 24 hours to prevent them from stressing the scorpion or fouling the enclosure.
Water
While Tityus stigmurus obtain moisture from their food, providing a shallow water dish with clean, dechlorinated water is essential. Ensure the dish is shallow enough to prevent drowning, especially for smaller scorpions. You can also mist the enclosure regularly, allowing the scorpion to drink droplets from the substrate or decorations.
Handling and Safety
Avoid Handling: Due to the potent venom and defensive nature of Tityus stigmurus, handling should be avoided entirely.
Use Long Tools: When performing maintenance tasks like cleaning or rearranging the enclosure, use long-handled tools such as tongs or forceps.
Protective Gear: Consider wearing thick gloves and eye protection when working with Tityus stigmurus, even when using tools.
Emergency Plan: Develop a clear emergency plan in case of a sting, including knowing the location of the nearest hospital and having the contact information for poison control readily available.
Maintenance
Spot Cleaning: Remove feces and uneaten prey items regularly to maintain hygiene.
Substrate Change: Replace the substrate every 3-6 months, depending on the level of cleanliness.
Enclosure Cleaning: Disinfect the enclosure with a reptile-safe disinfectant when changing the substrate.
Breeding
Tityus stigmurus can reproduce readily in captivity, particularly through parthenogenesis. If you house a female scorpion, be prepared for the possibility of offspring.
Gestation: The gestation period ranges from 4-8 months.
Birthing: The female will give birth to live young (scorplings) that will climb onto her back.
Post-Natal Care: The scorplings will remain on the mother's back for several weeks, depending on her for protection and moisture.
Separation: Once the scorplings molt for the first time, they will begin to disperse. It's best to separate them into individual containers at this point to prevent cannibalism.
Legal Considerations
Before acquiring a Tityus stigmurus, research local laws and regulations regarding the ownership of venomous animals. Some areas may require permits or prohibit keeping such species.
Conclusion
Keeping Tityus stigmurus can be a rewarding experience for experienced invertebrate enthusiasts. However, it's crucial to approach ownership with respect and prioritize safety. By providing a suitable environment, proper diet, and following strict safety protocols, you can enjoy observing these fascinating creatures while minimizing the risks associated with their venom. Remember, research, respect, and responsibility are the cornerstones of successful Tityus stigmurus keeping.