The Emerald Giant: A Comprehensive Care Guide for Pamphobeteus fortis (Colombian Giant Copperhead)
The Pamphobeteus fortis, also known as the Colombian Giant Copperhead, is a captivating and impressive tarantula hailing from the rainforests of Colombia. Known for its striking coloration, impressive size, and robust appetite, this species is a rewarding addition to any experienced tarantula keeper's collection. However, due to their size and occasionally skittish nature, they are not recommended for beginners. This comprehensive care guide will provide you with the information necessary to successfully keep and appreciate this magnificent spider.
Appearance and Temperament:
Pamphobeteus fortis lives up to its name as a "giant" tarantula. Females can reach impressive leg spans of up to 10 inches or more. Spiderlings often display a vibrant blue hue, transitioning to a rich copper-brown as they mature. Adults typically exhibit a dark velvety brown or black base color with distinct copper-colored setae (hairs) on their carapace, legs, and abdomen, giving them their namesake "Copperhead" appearance.
While not known for being particularly aggressive, Pamphobeteus fortis can be skittish and defensive. They are capable of flicking urticating hairs from their abdomen when feeling threatened, which can cause skin irritation. As such, handling should be minimized, and caution should always be exercised.
Housing:
Enclosure Size: For slings (spiderlings), a small deli cup or similar container is suitable. As they grow, they will need to be re-housed into larger enclosures. Adult Pamphobeteus fortis require a minimum enclosure size of 12x12x12 inches, but a larger enclosure like an 18x18x18 inch or even larger is highly recommended to provide ample space for movement and burrowing.
Substrate: A deep layer of substrate is crucial to allow for burrowing, a natural behavior for this species. A mixture of peat moss, coconut fiber (coir), and vermiculite or potting soil (without fertilizers or pesticides) works well. The substrate should be at least 4-6 inches deep for juveniles and 6-8 inches deep for adults.
Humidity: Pamphobeteus fortis thrives in a humid environment. Aim for a humidity level between 70-80%. This can be achieved by regularly misting the substrate, ensuring it stays moist but not waterlogged. Good ventilation is also important to prevent the growth of mold or mildew. A water dish should always be provided.
Temperature: Maintain a temperature gradient within the enclosure, with a warm side around 75-80°F (24-27°C) and a cooler side around 70°F (21°C). This can be achieved with a heat mat placed on the side of the enclosure, never underneath. Monitor the temperature using a reliable thermometer.
Decor: Provide hiding places such as cork bark, driftwood, or half logs. These will provide the tarantula with a sense of security and encourage burrowing. Avoid objects with sharp edges that could injure your tarantula.
Feeding:
Pamphobeteus fortis are voracious eaters. Their diet consists primarily of insects.
Slings: Feed slings appropriately sized crickets, pinhead roaches, or mealworms 2-3 times a week.
Juveniles: Offer juvenile tarantulas larger crickets, roaches, or mealworms, and occasionally treat them with superworms. Feed them 1-2 times a week.
Adults: Adult tarantulas can be fed large crickets, roaches, superworms, or even the occasional pinkie mouse. Feed adults every 1-2 weeks, depending on their size and appetite.
Always remove uneaten prey items from the enclosure after 24 hours to prevent them from stressing or harming the tarantula.
Water:
A shallow water dish should always be available for your Pamphobeteus fortis. Change the water regularly to keep it clean and fresh.
Molting:
Molting is a critical process for tarantulas as they grow. During this time, they will become reclusive and may refuse to eat. Do not disturb your tarantula during molting. Ensure the humidity is maintained as this aids in the process. After the tarantula has molted, allow several days for the exoskeleton to harden before offering food.
Handling:
Handling Pamphobeteus fortis should be kept to an absolute minimum. They are skittish and capable of delivering a painful bite. They also have urticating hairs, which they can flick when threatened. If handling is necessary (e.g., for re-housing), use extreme caution and consider using a catch cup to gently guide the tarantula into its new enclosure.
Health Issues:
Tarantulas are generally hardy creatures, but certain health issues can arise. These include:
Dehydration: Maintain proper humidity levels and ensure a fresh water source is available.
Mites: Mites can be introduced through substrate or prey items. Regularly clean the enclosure and consider using a mite-specific treatment if necessary.
Molting Problems: Proper humidity is crucial for successful molting.
Injury: Avoid objects with sharp edges in the enclosure.
Conclusion:
The Pamphobeteus fortis is a stunning and rewarding tarantula to keep, but it requires careful attention to its specific needs. By providing the correct environment, diet, and care, you can enjoy the beauty and fascination of this Colombian Giant Copperhead for many years to come. Remember to always prioritize the safety of yourself and your tarantula when interacting with it. With proper research and dedication, you can successfully keep and appreciate this magnificent species.