Grammostola pulchra /(Brazilian black)
Type: Terrestrial
Adult Size: 5.5-7.5″+
Growth speed: Slow
Longevity: Males 6+ years, females 20-40 years
Temperament: Docile yet skittish. If agitated they may flee and/or flick urticating hairs. Bites from this species are rare.
Bite potency: Mild
Urticating hairs: Yes
Ideal Temperature: 70 to 75°
Humidity: Medium
The Brazilian Beauty: A Comprehensive Care Guide for the Grammostola pulchra (Brazilian Black) Tarantula
The Grammostola pulchra, affectionately known as the Brazilian Black tarantula, is a highly sought-after species in the tarantula-keeping hobby. Renowned for its stunning, velvety black coloration that deepens with each molt, and its typically docile temperament, the Brazilian Black makes an excellent choice for both beginner and experienced keepers. However, like any pet, proper care is essential to ensure a long and healthy life. This guide will provide you with everything you need to know to successfully care for your own Grammostola pulchra.
Appearance and Temperament:
The Grammostola pulchra is undeniably beautiful. As juveniles, they often exhibit a brown or charcoal grey coloration that gradually transitions to a deep, rich black as they mature. This dramatic transformation is part of the appeal of owning this species.
Beyond their aesthetic appeal, Brazilian Blacks are generally known for their calm demeanor. While individual temperament can vary, they are typically slow-moving and reluctant to bite. However, remember they are still capable of biting and flicking urticating hairs (hairs they kick off their abdomen as a defense mechanism), so respect and caution are always necessary when handling.
Housing:
Enclosure Size: A good rule of thumb is to provide an enclosure that’s at least three times the spider's leg span in length and width, and twice its leg span in height. For an adult Brazilian Black (which can reach a leg span of 6-8 inches), a 10-gallon aquarium or similar sized enclosure is generally sufficient.
Substrate: The substrate should be at least 4-6 inches deep to allow for burrowing. A mix of peat moss, coconut fiber, and vermiculite is an excellent choice, providing good moisture retention and burrowing potential. Avoid using substrates that are too dry, as they can lead to dehydration.
Hiding Place: Provide a hide, such as a cork bark piece, half log, or commercially available reptile hide. This will allow your spider to feel secure and reduce stress.
Humidity: Maintain a humidity level of around 65-70%. This can be achieved by occasionally overflowing the water dish and misting one corner of the enclosure lightly every few days. Never allow the substrate to become waterlogged, as this can lead to bacterial growth.
Temperature: Brazilian Blacks thrive at temperatures between 70-80°F (21-27°C). Room temperature is often sufficient, but a low-wattage heat mat placed on the side of the enclosure can be used if needed. Avoid placing the heat mat underneath the enclosure, as this can dry out the substrate excessively.
Feeding:
Diet: Grammostola pulchra are opportunistic feeders. They will readily accept a variety of insects, including crickets, roaches, mealworms, and superworms.
Feeding Frequency: Spiderlings should be fed 2-3 times per week, while adults can be fed once a week or even less frequently. Adjust the feeding schedule based on the spider's appetite and body condition. A plump abdomen is a good indicator of a well-fed tarantula.
Prey Size: Choose prey items that are approximately the same size as the spider's abdomen.
Uneaten Prey: Remove any uneaten prey items after 24 hours to prevent them from stressing or harming your tarantula.
Water:
A shallow water dish should be provided at all times. Make sure the dish is shallow enough for the spider to easily climb out of, preventing accidental drowning. Replace the water regularly to keep it clean and free from debris.
Molting:
Molting is a crucial part of a tarantula's life cycle, allowing it to grow and shed its exoskeleton. During the molting process, the spider will become less active and may refuse food. It's crucial to leave your tarantula undisturbed during this time and ensure the humidity levels are appropriate to aid in a successful molt.
Signs of Molting: Changes in behavior, darkening coloration, and refusal to eat are all signs that your tarantula is preparing to molt.
Post-Molt Care: Avoid handling your tarantula for at least a week after molting, as its new exoskeleton is soft and vulnerable. Gradually reintroduce food after the exoskeleton has hardened.
Handling:
While Grammostola pulchra are generally docile, handling should be kept to a minimum. Tarantulas are delicate creatures, and dropping them can cause serious injury or even death. If handling is necessary, do so over a soft surface. Observe your spider's behavior carefully and avoid handling if it appears stressed or agitated.
Potential Health Issues:
Dehydration: Maintaining proper humidity levels is crucial to prevent dehydration.
Mites: Mites can sometimes infest tarantulas. Regular cleaning of the enclosure and maintaining proper hygiene can help prevent infestations.
Injuries: Improper handling or falls can lead to injuries.
In Conclusion:
The Grammostola pulchra is a captivating and relatively low-maintenance tarantula that can bring years of enjoyment. By providing proper housing, nutrition, and care, you can ensure that your Brazilian Black thrives and remains a beautiful and fascinating member of your household. Remember to research and learn as much as possible about this species to provide the best possible care for your new companion. Happy keeping!